How to read your cat's body language

Cats are subtle communicators. Most of what they tell us comes through posture and movement rather than sound, and the meaning often depends on several signals together. Watch the whole cat, and the situation, before you decide what they are saying.

The tail

• Held high with a slight curve at the tip: a friendly greeting and a sign of confidence.
• Puffed up: your cat is frightened and trying to look bigger.
• Thrashing or thumping: irritation or overstimulation, so it is a good moment to stop petting.
• Tucked low or wrapped around the body: anxiety or unease.

The ears

Ears pointed forward show interest and attention. Ears swiveled to the side or flattened back against the head signal fear or annoyance, and often come just before a hiss or a swat.

The eyes

A slow, deliberate blink is one of the clearest signs of trust a cat can give. Research published in 2020 found that cats are more likely to approach a person who slow blinks at them, so try returning the gesture. Wide, dilated pupils can mean excitement or fear, depending on what the rest of the body is doing.

The belly

A cat that rolls over to show their belly is relaxed and trusts you. That does not always mean they want a belly rub, though. Many cats will grab and kick if you take it as an invitation, so stick to the head and cheeks.

Kneading and purring

Kneading with the front paws, often called making biscuits, is a comforting behavior carried over from kittenhood. Purring usually means contentment, but cats also purr when stressed or unwell, so look at the bigger picture if your cat purrs while hiding or refusing food.